Fig. 5: Brain-region-specific changes in sphingolipids between Ctrl and MPTP groups.

a Schematic of a coronal non-human primate brain tissue section at −4 mm from the ac depicting different brain regions, with those evaluated labelled in red. Representative images of the [M-H]− ion of SHexCer(t43:2) in (from left to right) b Ctrl, c MPTP, d non-LID, and e LID brain tissue sections at −4 mm from the ac. All ion images are scaled to the maximum intensity of the individual ion. The ion image is RMS-normalized in panels b–e. Lateral resolution: 150 µm; scale bar: 9 mm. Results of statistical analysis using Student’s t test of hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated sphingolipids SHexCer(t43:2) in f the GPi and g the GPe, HexCer(t42:2) in h the GPi and i the GPe, SHexCer(d40:1) in j the GPi and k the GPe, and SM (d43:2) in l the GPi and m the GPe. Changes were statistically evaluated between Ctrl and MPTP, and non-LID and LID, independently. Asterisks indicate significance: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ns: not significant.