Fig. 4: Effects of CAP and Nic intervention on dopaminergic neurons in MPTP-induced mice.

a Representative pictures displaying staining of TH in the olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle regions, striatum and substantia nigra; b The average optical density of TH in the olfactory bulb region; c The average optical density of TH in the olfactory tubercle region. d The average optical density of TH in the striatum region; e The average optical density of TH in the substantia nigra region. Scale bar for the olfactory bulb = 200 μm; olfactory tubercle = 150 μm. striatum = 25 μm; substantia nigra = 100 μm. (n = 6 mice per group for a–e). Statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.