Table 3 Main outcomes: within and between group differences at 12 months
From: The impact of integrated disease management in high-risk COPD patients in primary care
Integrated disease management (n = 72) | Usual care (n = 74) | Between-group difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 12 months | Change from baseline | Baseline | 12 months | Change from baseline | Adjusted difference (95% CI) | p-Value | |
COPD assessment test (CAT, 0–40) | ||||||||
Mean | 22.6 (6.8) | 14.8 (6.0) | −7.8 (5.1) | 19.3 (7.3) | 22.0 (6.6) | 2.7 (5.0) | 9.3 (7.8, 10.8) | <0.001 |
Proportion with CAT improvement >3 | – | – | 63/72 (87.5%) | – | – | 4/74 (5.4%) | 82.0% (72.7%, 91.4%) | <0.001 |
Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ, 0–6) | ||||||||
Symptoms | 3.26 (1.28) | 2.19 (1.12) | −1.07 (1.03) | 2.82 (1.39) | 3.16 (1.36) | 0.34 (1.02) | 1.27 (0.97, 1.57) | <0.001 |
Function | 2.87 (1.34) | 1.92 (1.29) | −0.95 (1.22) | 2.15 (1.27) | 2.55 (1.30) | 0.41 (0.97) | 1.10 (0.77, 1.44) | <0.001 |
Mental | 2.92 (1.83) | 1.24 (1.45) | −1.67 (1.69) | 2.32 (1.76) | 2.53 (1.79) | 0.21 (1.45) | 1.61 (1.17, 2.04) | <0.001 |
Total | 3.04 (1.20) | 1.89 (1.07) | −1.14 (1.01) | 2.45 (1.28) | 2.79 (1.28) | 0.34 (0.93) | 1.29 (1.00, 1.58) | <0.001 |
Bristol knowledge questionnaire | ||||||||
Total (%) | 41.0 (16.2) | 74.9 (18.5) | 33.9 (14.2) | 41.9 (13.8) | 46.2 (16.6) | 4.4 (15.4) | 29.6 (24.9, 34.2) | <0.001 |
FEV1 | ||||||||
Pre-bronchodilator—litres | 1.45 (0.57) | 1.52 (0.66) | 0.07 (0.24) | 1.42 (0.50) | 1.40 (0.53) | 0.02 (0.21) | 0.10 (0.02, 0.18) | 0.016 |
Pre-bronchodilator—% predicted | 54.5 (13.9) | 57.1 (17.1) | 2.6 (9.3) | 52.7 (15.3) | 51.9 (16.3) | −0.8 (7.5) | 3.5 (0.4, 6.5) | 0.025 |
FEV1/FVC | ||||||||
Pre-bronchodilator | 55.8 (13.8) | 57.3 (12.3) | 1.5 (7.6) | 53.7 (10.3) | 53.3 (11.2) | −0.4 (5.0) | 2.2 (0.1, 4.5) | 0.044 |
Severe exacerbations (prednisone and/or antibiotics) | ||||||||
Proportion: One or more severe exacerbations | 60 (83.3%) | 24 (33.3%) | 54 (73.0%) | 61 (82.4%) | −48.9% (−62.5%, −35.3%) | <0.001 | ||
Health services utilization | ||||||||
Number of urgent physician visits/year | 2.43 (2.23) | 0.71 (0.97) | −1.72 (2.35) | 1.96 (1.58) | 2.16 (2.16) | 0.20 (2.68) | 1.46 (0.90, 2.02) | <0.001 |
Proportion: one or more urgent physician visits | 60 (83.3%) | 30 (41.7%) | 60 (81.1%) | 53 (71.6%) | −30.2% (−45.7%, −14.7%) | <0.001 | ||
Number of ED visits/year | 0.57 (0.84) | 0.17 (0.44) | −0.40 (0.93) | 0.47 (1.01) | 0.47 (0.71) | 0.00 (1.11) | 0.31 (0.12, 0.51) | 0.002 |
Proportion: one or more ED visits | 30 (41.7%) | 10 (13.9%) | 20 (27.0%) | 28 (37.8%) | −23.6% (−37.3%, −9.9%) | 0.001 | ||
Number of hospitalizations year | 0.26 (0.65) | 0.15 (0.55) | −0.11 (0.83) | 0.23 (0.45) | 0.26 (0.64) | 0.03 (0.62) | 0.10 (−0.09, 0.29) | 0.305 |
Proportion: one or more hospitalizations | 13 (18.1%) | 8 (11.1%) | 16 (21.6%) | 13 (17.6%) | −5.8% (−17.8%, 5.1%) | 0.283 | ||
