Table 1 Description of clinical and biological characteristics between pneumococcal and non-pneumococcal patient with positive chest X-ray.

From: Description and characterization of pneumococcal community acquired pneumonia (CAP) among radiologically confirmed CAP in outpatients

Variable

 

Total (N = 144)

Pneumococcal CAP CXR+ (N = 21)

Non-pneumococcal CAP CXR+ (N = 66)

Undetermined CAP CXR+ (N = 57)

Age at inclusion

Min/ Max

19 / 89

19 / 82

19 / 89

29 / 86

 

Médian [IQR]

60.5 [41.5–72.0]

62.0 [40.0–73.0]

57.5 [42.0–69.0]

61.0 [42.0–73.0]

CRB65

Min / Max

0 / 3

0 / 3

0 / 3

0 / 2

 

Médian IQR]

1.0 [0.0–1.0]

1.0 [0.0–1.0]

0.0 [0.0–1.0]

1.0 [0.0–1.0]

CRB65

0

67 (49.6%)

10 (47.6%)

32 (51.6%)

25 (48.1%)

 

1

54 (40.0%)

8 (38.1%)

25 (40.3%)

21 (40.4%)

 

2

12 (8.9%)

2 (9.5%)

4 (6.5%)

6 (11.5%)

 

3

2 (1.5%)

1 (4.8%)

1 (1.6%)

0 (0.0%)

 

4

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Antibiotic treatment prior to inclusion

 

9 (6.3%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (3.0%)

7 (12.3%)

Patient presented >=1 risk factors for invasive pneumococcal infection

 

43 (30.1%)

7 (33.3%)

22 (33.3%)

14 (25.0%)

Chronic respiratory disease

 

13 (9.1%)

2 (9.5%)

7 (10.6%)

4 (7.1%)

Asthma

 

4 (2.8%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (4.5%)

1 (1.8%)

Chronic heart failure

 

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.8%)

Immunocompromising conditions

 

6 (4.2%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (6.1%)

2 (3.6%)

Diabetes mellitus

 

13 (9.1%)

4 (19.0%)

6 (9.1%)

3 (5.4%)

Chronic liver disease

 

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.5%)

0 (0.0%)

Chronic respiratory disease + chronic heart failure

 

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.8%)

Chronic respiratory disease + asplenia ou splenectomy

 

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.5%)

0 (0.0%)

Chronic respiratory disease + diabetes mellitus

 

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.8%)

Asthma + diabetes mellitus

 

1 (0.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (1.8%)

Chronic respiratory disease + chronic heart failure + diabetes mellitus

 

1 (0.7%)

1 (4.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

Anti-pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13 and/or PPV23)

 

9 (6.3%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (6.1%)

5 (8.9%)

influenza vaccine for the current or previous season

 

50 (35.0%)

9 (42.9%)

27 (40.9%)

14 (25.0%)

Cough

 

138 (95.8%)

21 (100.0%)

64 (97.0%)

53 (93.0%)

Sputum

 

86 (59.7%)

17 (81.0%)

37 (56.1%)

32 (56.1%)

Dyspnea

 

77 (53.5%)

15 (71.4%)

32 (48.5%)

30 (52.6%)

Aches and pains

 

99 (68.8%)

15 (71.4%)

46 (69.7%)

38 (66.7%)

Tiredness

 

135 (93.8%)

21 (100.0%)

63 (95.5%)

51 (89.5%)

Chills / Sweats

 

100 (69.4%)

17 (81.0%)

40 (60.6%)

43 (75.4%)

Unilateral chest pain

 

53 (36.8%)

7 (33.3%)

22 (33.3%)

24 (42.1%)

Headtache

 

51 (35.4%)

8 (38.1%)

19 (28.8%)

24 (42.1%)

ENT symptoms

 

77 (53.5%)

13 (61.9%)

36 (54.5%)

28 (49.1%)

Fever

 

105 (73.4%)

17 (81.0%)

49 (74.2%)

39 (69.6%)

Digestive signs

 

30 (20.8%)

6 (28.6%)

12 (18.2%)

12 (21.1%)

Confusion

 

4 (2.8%)

1 (4.8%)

1 (1.5%)

2 (3.5%)

Temperature (°C)

Min/Max

35 / 40

36 / 40

35 / 40

36 / 40

 

Median [IQR]

37.7 [37.0–38.3]

38.0 [37.6–38.7]

37.8 [37.0–38.5]

37.5 [37.0–38.0]

Heart rate (bpm)

Min/Max

60/133

70/130

60/133

60/126

 

Median [IQR]

90.0 [80.0-102.0]

90.0 [80.5-105.0]

90.0 [80.5-102.0]

87.0 [79.0-100.0]

Respiratory rate (/min)

Min/Max

10/42

10/30

10/41

12/42

 

Median [IQR]

18.0 [16.0–22.0]

20.0 [17.5–23.0]

19.5 [15.0–22.0]

18.0 [16.0–21.0]

SaO2 (%)

Min/Max

69/100

90/100

69/100

83/99

 

Median [IQR]

96.0 [95.0–98.0]

96.0 [94.0–97.0]

96.0 [95.0–98.0]

96.0 [94.0–98.0]

Global impression of severity

 

42 (29.2%)

10 (47.6%)

14 (21.2%)

18 (31.6%)

Crackles

 

100 (69.4%)

14 (66.7%)

49 (74.2%)

37 (64.9%)

Wheezing

 

17 (11.8%)

2 (9.5%)

6 (9.1%)

9 (15.8%)

Ronchi

 

41 (28.5%)

9 (42.9%)

16 (24.2%)

16 (28.1%)

Decrease in breath sounds

 

48 (33.3%)

7 (33.3%)

22 (33.3%)

19 (33.3%)

Matity on percussion

 

16 (11.3%)

2 (9.5%)

6 (9.2%)

8 (14.5%)

Leukocites (G/L)

Mini/Max

0 / 43

4 / 22

0 / 43

0 / 25

 

Median [IQR]

8.1 [5.6–11.7]

11.8 [9.0–14.1]

7.8 [5.4–10.5]

7.3 [5.5–9.2]

Neutrophils (G/L)

Min/Max

0 / 22

2 / 19

0 / 20

2 / 22

 

Median [IQR]

5.6 [3.7–8.5]

8.5 [6.1–12.3]

5.0 [3.5–8.0]

4.9 [3.8–6.3]

C-reactive protein (mg/l)

Min/Max

1/597

1/597

1/408

1/436

 

Median [IQR]

62.4 [16.2–143.0]

131.8 [81.6–300.2]

55.1 [16.2–129.0]

53.0 [9.0–144.0]

Procalcitonin (ng/ml)

Min/Max

0/117

0/117

0/4

0/19

 

Median [IQR]

0.1 [0.1–0.4]

0.3 [0.1–2.5]

0.1 [0.1–0.2]

0.1 [0.1–0.5]

  1. Case definition of “pneumococcal CAP” was: patient with CAP CXR + and at least one positive SP microbiological test (blood culture, sputum culture, pneumococcal urinary antigen test [BinaxNow®], serotype-specific multiplex urinary antigen detection test [Pfizer Inc®]).
  2. Case definition of “non-pneumococcal CAP” was: a patient with CAP CXR + for whom all four SP microbiological tests were negative (blood culture, sputum sample testing, pneumococcal urinary antigen test, UAD)
  3. Risk factors for pneumococcal infection according to the French vaccination guidelines (HCSP 2017): Chronic kidney disease, chronic respiratory disease (COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, chronic pulmonary failure), asthma, chronic heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, asplenia or splenectomy (functional or anatomic asplenia), chronic liver disease, homozygous sickle cell disease, HIV infection, immunocompromising conditions (congenital immune deficiency, chemotherapy, immune modulators, corticosteroids, transplantation), diabetes mellitus, CSF leak, cochlear implant.
  4. Global impression of severity: global impression of the general practitioner regarding the severity of the patient’s health condition.
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