Fig. 3

Experimental results for the SD task. a The probabilities of successful discrimination with single-qubit states in the case of two measurement settings. The curves and symbols represent the theoretical predictions and experimental results, respectively. b,c The experimental results in the two-qubit protocol with two and six measurement settings, respectively. The blue lines represent the theoretical predictions. The pink and green dots in b and c represent the corresponding experimental results, with the pink and green solid lines representing the single-qubit upper bounds for two and six measurement settings, respectively. The black dashed lines represent the single-qubit upper bound for the infinite number of measurement settings. d The comparison of the single-qubit upper bounds P^s with the results \(P_{\rho _{{AB}}}\) obtained using the prepared maximally entangled state (blue dots) for different number of measurement settings. The success probabilities \(P_{\rho _{{AB}}}\) are lower than the theoretical predictions, which can be primarily attributed to imperfect experimental manipulation. The brown squares represent the theoretical predictions of the upper bound for single-qubit states, whereas the experimental results are represented by the purple triangles. The bound P^s established for the single-qubit approach decreases, and it is very close to the value with infinite measurement settings when the number of measurement setting is equal to ten. The experimental error bars which are very small and not shown are estimated as the standard deviation