Fig. 8: The quantum circuit for a single QEC cycle employed in simulation.

The unit-cell scheduling is defined in ref. ⁴⁶. The qubit labels and frequencies correspond to the lattice arrangement shown in Fig. 2. Gray elements correspond to operations belonging to the previous or the following QEC cycle. The X-type parity checks are performed at the start of the cycle, while the Z-type parity checks are executed immediately after the Z-type stabilizer measurements from the previous cycle are completed. The duration of each operation is given in Table 1. The arrow at the bottom indicates the repetition of QEC cycles.