Fig. 3: The electron transfers quantum information between photonic cavities.

The schemes show two experiments with identical parameters, except for the first cavity’s initial light state. The first interaction creates a joint entangled state of the electron and the cavity state. The second interaction transfers information to the second cavity. The first interaction can be understood as shaping of the electron wavefunction⁴⁹ that can then alter the statistics of the second cavity. a, b The same initial (unshaped) electron interacts with two cavities. Each scheme presents a different light state in the first cavity. The initial light statistic in the first cavity: a coherent state with α = 5 (c) or a Fock state with one photon (d). e, f The electron is shaped by the light state in the first cavity. g, h The light statistic in the second cavity for both experiments is a Fock state with one photon. It is modified in a way that depends on the state of light in the first cavity. i, j The final light statistics in the second cavity, plotted after 20 consecutive electron interactions, showing a clear difference that arises from the difference in light statistics in the first cavity. The interaction strength is g_Q = 0.2.