Fig. 3: iSWAP gate optimization loss during training.
From: Integrating quantum processor device and control optimization in a gradient-based framework

The blue curve corresponds to the optimization of O in Eq. (5) and the orange curve corresponds to Oavg in Eq. (15). The curves are smoothed using the Savitzky–Golay filter. The optimization of Oavg is interrupted and continued again at iteration 80000 (see Supplementary Note V for more discussion).