Fig. 1: Quantum hardware results for the first-order phase transition.
From: First-order phase transition of the Schwinger model with a quantum computer
Electric field density 〈LW,S〉 and particle number 〈PW,S〉 against l0 with data from quantum hardware (black crosses), as compared to the noiseless expectation values (red pluses) and exact diagonalization (blue circles) for Wilson and staggered fermions respectively. The staggered fermions in this case have the same number of qubits as the Wilson fermions. Hence, while the title of each column specifies the N for Wilson fermions, for staggered it is taken to be double that value. The lattice mass for these data is set to mlat/g = 10, so that we are above the second order phase transition of Fig. 5, without having to account for the mass shift. Therefore, we can observe the first-order phase transition. Note that the error bars, which are discussed in the supplementary material44, are much smaller than the y-scale and thus, are not visible.
