Fig. 2: Spin textures of biskyrmions and bubbles and corresponding TEM images.
From: Formation of magnetic biskyrmions mediated by an intrinsic emergent monopole-antimonopole pair
a, b The spin texture of a biskyrmion slightly below the middle plane of the film and a bubble at the middle plane of the film, respectively. The arrow represents the in-plane magnetization mxy. c, d The distribution of topological charge density per unit cell, i.e., the integrand in Eq. (2), of the spin textures in a and b, respectively. g The bubble transformed from the biskyrmion in a at 0.2 T. The external field is increased with steps of 0.02 T, and the state is relaxed in every step. The magnetic easy axis lies in the xz-plane. e, f, h The corresponding Lorentz TEM images of a, b, g, respectively. Calculation is performed with magnetization averaged through the thickness at a defocus of 1.6 mm36.
