Fig. 3: The CDW collective excitations. | npj Quantum Materials

Fig. 3: The CDW collective excitations.

From: Probing loop currents and collective modes of charge density waves in Kagome materials with NV centers

Fig. 3

a The free energy landscape from Eq. (2) with parameters b = 1, \({\lambda }_{1}^{{\prime} }=5\), λ2 = 0.1, λ3 = 0, u1 = 0.5, and u2 = 0.5. The red arrow represents the fluctuation of the complex order parameter. b A schematic plot of the spectral arrangement of phase (red) and amplitude (blue) modes for rCDW and iCDW orders. Here, the phase and amplitude modes in the A channel mix (purple), while they remain uncoupled for E modes.

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