Fig. 3

HA-DFO stimulates angiogenesis in vitro in HUVEC cells exposed to radiation. a Three groups of irradiated HUVECs demonstrate variable tubule formation in response to deferoxamine despite radiation injury. Scale bar length = 200 µm. Qualitatively, note the visibly increased tubule density and organization in the 100 µM HA-DFO sample when compared to 50 µM iDFO and 50 µM HA-DFO, even at only two hours of incubation (See Supplemental Material Movie S1 for recorded imaging). b Quantitatively, we observed a significant difference between 100 µM HA-DFO and both 50 µM doses of iDFO and HA-DFO at the 4-h time mark. Mean tubules per high power field are represented as group means and error bars indicate standard deviation. ANOVA was performed for group comparisons. All comparisons were performed within the respective timepoint. * indicates p < 0.05