Fig. 2: AAT demonstrates volume retention and superior biocompatibility in athymic mice.

a Volume persistence in AAT versus in AAT supplemented with ASCs when implanted in athymic nude mice (n = 12 per group), with gross images of recovered implants after 12 weeks in situ. b Volume retention for human lipoaspirate (fat grafting) and AAT injected subcutaneously in athymic nude mice (n = 6 per group), as measured trans-dermally using digital calipers, with gross images of recovered implants after 12 weeks in situ. c–e H&E staining of implants recovered after 12 weeks, with implant boundaries indicated by dashed lines. c New adipose tissue formation (arrows) within ASC-containing AAT implants. d Adipogenesis and vascularization (arrows) within the AAT implant. e Signs of calcification (arrows) and cyst formation (*) within fat grafts. Error bars represent ±1 standard deviation. Scale bars represent 1 mm in whole sections and 100 µm in enlarged regions.