Fig. 4: Evaluation of the myocardial tissue as an auxiliary pump.

a Myocardial tissue prepared in vivo was mobilized and wrapped around the contralateral CIA. A catheter with a pressure transducer was inserted from the distal side of the CIA, and the internal pressure generated by the pulsation of the myocardial tissue was measured. b Pressure generated within the rat CIA by contraction of the human myocardial tissue cuff. Each point represents the pressure measured in an independent experiment, and the bar shows the mean value for the four experiments. c–d Representative traces showing the host electrocardiogram (upper), electric potentials generated by the graft (middle), and pressure in the CIA (lower).