Fig. 3: Vessel wall stabilization in transplanted kidney organoids.

a Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for EC cluster in transplanted d7+20 versus untransplanted d7+20 organoids demonstrating enrichment of gene sets associated with vasoconstriction and cell–cell junction organization. NES: normalized enrichment score. Source data are provided as a source data file. b Expression-level scaled heatmap of genes involved in vasoconstriction and cell–cell junction organization, demonstrating upregulation of the majority of these genes in d7+20 transplanted endothelial cells compared to all other conditions. Scale: z-score of the gene expression level. c Heatmap demonstrating differential interaction strength (probability of interactions) per cluster for d7+20 transplanted organoids compared to pooled controls (d7+13 transplanted and untransplanted and d7+20 untransplanted organoids). Abbreviations: mural cells: unspecified mural cells, NPC-pod: podocyte-committed progenitors, PT #1: proximal tubules #1, early pod #1: early podocytes #1, NPC: nephron progenitor cells, mes prog: mesenchymal progenitors, ECs: endothelial cells, PT #2: proximal tubules #2, G1S-S nephron: proliferative nephron cells G1S-S, PTA/RV: pretubular aggregate/renal vesicle, LoH-like: loop of Henle-like, per/mesang: pericytes/mesangial cells, early pod #2: early podocytes #2, mes-like nephron: mesenchymal-like nephron cells, DT/CD: distal tubules/collecting duct, G1S-S mes: proliferative mesenchymal cells G1S-S, imm pod; immature podocytes, late pod: late podocytes, late pod (stress): late podocytes (stress-induced), fibroblasts #1: fibroblasts #1, neural prog: neural progenitors, G2M-M nephron: proliferative nephron cells G2M-M, fibroblasts #2; fibroblasts #2, SMC: smooth muscle cells, hypoxic pod: hypoxic podocytes, G2M-M mes: proliferative mesenchymal cells G2M-M, chondrocyte-like: chondrocyte-like cells, neuron-like: neuron-like cells. d Dot plot of the ligand-receptor pairs for which interaction strength between pericytes and endothelial cells is increased in d7+20 transplanted organoids compared to pooled controls with (left) pericytes as source and (right) endothelial cells as source. e In transplanted kidney organoids, extraglomerular capillaries are supported by pericytes. ec endothelial cell, p podocyte, pe pericyte, pec parietal epithelial cell, ery erythrocyte. Scale bars 10 µm.