Fig. 5: Treatment of PTβR2I-releasing wound dressings alleviated inflammatory response by decreasing M1 macrophage density, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ROS content.

a Representative IHC images, using anti-CD86, of tissue sections at days 3, 8, and 14 post treatment. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 µm. b Quantification of CD86⁺ cell density in the wounded area (n = 6). c Protein array analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue samples collected on day 3 post treatment. d Quantification summary for the cytokine array. All data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. e ROS staining using CellROX deep red of tissue sections harvested 3, 8, and 14 days post treatment. Scale bar = 50 µm. f Quantification of relative ROS⁺ cell density (n = 6). g Quantification of total antioxidant capacity from skin tissues collected from wound sites at day 3 (n = 3). h RNS content of skin tissues collected from wound sites at day 3 (n = 3). i, j Western blot analysis of p-p38 in the wounded skin of db/db mice on days 3 and 8. GAPDH was used as a loading control. All data demonstrated as mean ± standard deviation. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).