Fig. 4: hMSC treatment alleviate intestinal inflammation in SAMP on day 28.

a Schematic showing the treatment regimen of the experiment (n = 38). b Percent abnormal mucosa in PBS, hMSCs and DEX-treated groups. c Representative comparative stereoscopic view of the small intestine in DEX, hMSCs, and PBS-treated groups (yellow arrows showing abnormal mucosa; blue arrow showing normal mucosa). d The Inflammatory Index for disease severity in PBS, hMSCs, and DEX-treated groups showing histologic small intestine (SI) inflammation. e Representative histopathology photomicrograph of ileum tissue from PBS, hMSCs and DEX-treated groups (Red triangle = villus distortion, black triangle = crypts hyperplasia, red arrow = immune infiltration in submucosa, black arrow = muscle hypertrophy). The scale bar represents 200 µm. f MR image for SAMP shows human CD features, including SI wall thickening, stricture, free fluid collection, enlarged mesenteric lymph node(mLN). g MR image annotation in SAMP, h Radiomic feature extraction. i Radiomics analysis involved 100 radiomic features from four different classes to quantify SI wall appearance in terms of heterogeneity and gradient responses in PBS and DEX-treated groups. j Top-ranked features (Haralick and Sobel) were selected and used to train a machine-learning Random Forest classifier to yield a radiomics-based likelihood of disease severity. k SIMPle score resulted in further enhancement of disease severity assessment and discrimination between treatment groups (n = 26). Data were expressed as mean ± SD from at least two independent experiments unless specified, each data point represents one mouse. In the Box and whiskers-plot, center line: median; box limits: 25–75 percentile; whiskers: min. to max. with all data points. P < 0.05 considered significant, by 1-way ANOVA.