Fig. 5: Sc-RNAseq was performed on single-cell suspension of mesenteric stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from SAMP mice treated with PBS and hMSC.

a–e Sc-RNAseq showing analysis on day 9 samples. a UMAP plot showing identified clusters at a resolution of 1.0. b Volcano plots showing differential gene expression in all cell types with a threshold value (FDR < 0.05). The top three significant differentially expressed genes (logFC >1.5 with FDR < 0.05) are highlighted and labelled in the plots. c Volcano plots showing differential gene expression in macrophage cluster with a threshold value (FDR < 0.05). The top 3 significant differentially expressed genes (logFC>1.5 with FDR < 0.05) (upregulated and downregulated) are labelled and highlighted in the plot. d UMAP plots of the representative macrophage markers genes (Mrc1, Cd163, H2-Ab1) showing normalized gene expression in the macrophage cluster. e Dot plots showing the average expression of selective genes expressed by the proportion of the cells in the macrophage cluster across the treatment. f–j Single-cell RNA sequencing showing analysis on day 28 samples. f UMAP plot showing identified clusters at cluster resolution 0.4. g Volcano plots show differential gene expression in all cell types with a threshold value (FDR < 0.05). Cdk8 was significant differentially expressed gene (logFC >1.5 with FDR < 0.05) in hMSC-treated mice on day 28. h Volcano plots showing differential gene expression in macrophage cluster with a threshold value (FDR < 0.05). Two genes were significantly differentially expressed (FC > 1.5 with FDR < 0.05) in hMSCs-treated mice. i UMAP plots of the representative macrophage markers genes (Mrc1, Cd163, H2-Ab1) showing normalized gene expression in the macrophage cluster. j Dot plots showing average expression of selective genes and proportion of the cells representing in the cluster across the treatment.