Fig. 8: AAV9-cBIN1 rescues transverse-tubule luminal dilation and organization in minipigs with non-ischemic HFrEF.

a Representative transmission electron microscopy images of left ventricular free wall of minipig hearts with zoomed-in images of the boxed area (left). Scale bar, 2 µm. b Quantification of transverse-tubule (TT) cross-sectional area in each group (TT/hearts: n/N = 221/2; 203/3, 306/3 from sham, control, and cBIN1 groups) (right). c–f Representative images with power spectrum analysis for BIN1 (c, d) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) (e, f) in myocardial sections from each group. (cells/hearts: n/N = 47/2; 51/3, 36/3 for BIN1; 46/2; 45/3, 34/3 for WGA from sham, control, and cBIN1 groups). Scale bar, 10 µm. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by uncorrected Dunn’s test is used for comparison among groups. *** indicates p < 0.001 for comparison vs. Sham. ### indicates p < 0.001 for comparison vs. Control. g Cross-sectional views of cardiomyocyte images indicate colocalization between BIN1 (green) and WGA (magenta). Group labels are included to the left of the images. Scale bar, 20 µm.