Table 2 The median, interquartile range (25–75%), Mann–Whitney U-value and p-value of the mRNA expression values of 24 genes important for monocyte-derived macrophage functioning40 determined by qPCR analyses compared between patients (n = 15) and controls (n = 15)
From: Characterization of macrophages from schizophrenia patients
Gene (protein) | Function | Control median (25–75%) | Patient median (25–75%) | Mann-Whitney U-value | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inflammatory response proteins | CD45 (CD45) | Activation marker | 23 (18–29) | 22 (16–30) | 106.5 | 0.81 |
HLA-DRA (HLA-DRA) | Activation marker | 438 (289–684) | 480 (353–676) | 99 | 0.59 | |
CD200R1 (CD200R) | 1 (0.05–389) | 1 (0.2––359) | 101.5 | 0.66 | ||
MRC1 (CD206) | Mannose receptor | 125 (76–149) | 132 (102––189) | 94 | 0.46 | |
CD209 (DC–SIGN) | C–type lectin | 1.2 (0.3–1.8) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 101 | 0.64 | |
CD163 (CD163) | Scavenger receptor | 70 (36–149) | 71 (44–134) | 110.5 | 0.94 | |
FCGR3A (CD16) | Immunoglobulin receptor | 86 (44–99) | 58 (45–85) | 90 | 0.36 | |
TLR2 (CD282) | Toll-like-receptor that binds gram-positive bacteria | 10 (8–13) | 10 (6–15) | 103.5 | 0.72 | |
TLR3 (CD283) | Toll-like receptor that binds dsRNA | 0.8 (0.5–12.6) | 1 (0.3–15) | 105.5 | 0.78 | |
TLR4 (CD284) | Toll-like receptor that detects LPS on gram-negative bacteria | 27 (0.5–32.1) | 21 (0.6–41) | 101.5 | 0.66 | |
CD14 (CD14) | Co-receptor of TLR4 | 200 (90–1050) | 188 (96–1203) | 112 | >0.99 | |
TNF (TNFα) | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 6 (4–8) | 4 (3–4) | 68.5 | 0.07 | |
IL1B (IL-1β) | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 4 (2–6) | 2 (2–3) | 78 | 0.16 | |
IL6 (IL-6) | Pro-inflammatory cytokine | 0.14 (0.02–0.24) | 0.06 (0.01–0.45) | 107 | 0.82 | |
IFNB1 (IFNβ) | Activates innate immune cells, important for viral infection resistance | 0.01 (0.00–0.05) | 0.01 (0.00–0.08) | 91.5 | 0.32 | |
TGFB1 (TGFβ) | Anti-inflammatory cytokine | 238 (207–256) | 257 (201–290) | 89 | 0.34 | |
IL10 (IL-10) | Anti-inflammatory cytokine | 4 (2–7) | 3 (2–5) | 100.5 | 0.63 | |
CCL2 (CCL2) | Chemokine that attracts immune cells | 196 (106–307) | 172 (90–262) | 100 | 0.62 | |
Synapse refinement proteins | P2RX7 (P2X7) | Adrenergic receptor, specifically receptive for ATP, a danger signal that can be secreted from neurons and affects microglia functioning43 | 23 (13–29) | 21 (17–27) | 112 | 0.99 |
TREM2 (TREM2) | Regulator of pro-inflammatory genes, induces phagocytosis via DAP12 (ref. 41) | 209 (138–346) | 184 (167–323) | 104 | 0.74 | |
CX3CR1 (CX3CR1) | Fractalkine receptor, involved in synaptic refinement44 | 0.01 (0.00–0.04) | 0.02 (0.00–0.14) | 76.5 | 0.08 | |
ITGAM (CD11b) | Subunit of complement receptor 3, which is important for synaptic refinement45 | 58 (37–80) | 54 (30–68) | 102 | 0.68 | |
TYROBP (DAP12) | Important for synaptic refinement and ROS production for pathogen destruction, signaling partner of CR3 & TREM241 | 1469 (1228–1939) | 1765 (1462–2501) | 82 | 0.22 | |
SIRPA (CD172-α) | CD47 receptor that inhibits synaptic refinement46 | 400 (285–486) | 334 (209–497) | 94 | 0.46 |
