Table 1 Sample characteristics.

From: Increased random exploration in schizophrenia is associated with inflammation

 

HC (n = 19)

SZ (n = 45)

Test statistics

(t/χ2/U)

p Value

Age (years)

32.53 (9.45)

34.00 (10.47)

t = −0.53

0.60

Sex (male/female)

9/10

31/14

χ2 = 2.64

0.10

Formal education (years)a

14.39 (2.23)

12.26 (3.88)

U = 227

0.003

Number of hospitalizations

—

5.42 (5.44)

—

—

Outpatients/inpatients

—

24/21

—

—

Smoking (yes/no)

8/11

30/15

χ2 = 3.34

0.068

Number of psychotic episodes

—

5.31 (5.14)

—

—

Illness onset (age, years)

—

23.91 (6.88)

—

—

Illness duration (months)

—

121.07 (101.28)

—

—

Chlorpromazine equivalents (mg/day)

—

514.67 (444.82)

—

—

Clozapine (yes/no)

—

9/36

—

—

Class of antipsychotic (typical/atypical)

—

1/43

—

—

Antidepressant medication (yes/no)

—

5/40

—

—

Lorazepam (yes/no)

—

3/42

—

—

Body mass index

23.40 (4.32)

26.40 (4.66)

U = 250

0.009

Psychopathology

PANSS negative factorb

—

15.49 (6.82)

—

—

PANSS positive factorc

—

5.96 (2.70)

—

—

PANSS disorganized factord

—

5.87 (2.48)

—

—

PANSS depressive factore

—

5.33 (2.45)

—

—

Cognition

Letter–Number Span Test

20.16 (2.06)

18.84 (1.93)

t = 2.44

0.018

Symbol Coding Test

81.94 (18.75)

59.43 (13.28)

t = 4.62

<0.001

Cognitive scoref

0 (0.68)

−0.88 (0.70)

t = 4.53

<0.001

Functioning

PSP (total)

97.05 (4.70)

51.78 (14.42)

U = 2

<0.001

  1. Data are presented as means (standard deviations). P values < 0.05 are indicated in bold.
  2. BMI body mass index, HC healthy controls, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, PSP Personal and Social Performance Scale, SZ schizophrenia.
  3. aCompulsory education in Switzerland is 9 years.
  4. bNegative factor: N1, N2, N3, N4, N6, G7.
  5. cPositive factor: P1, P3, P5, G9.
  6. dDisorganized factor; P2, N5, G11.
  7. eDepressive factor: P4, P7, G8, G14.
  8. fCognition data have been z-transformed based on the data of the healthy control group for each test separately. The cognitive score was computed as the mean of the z-transformed test scores on subject level.
Back to article page