Fig. 3: Differences in membrane fatty acid levels and ratios between baseline and after antipsychotic treatment in patient subgroups divided by episodes. | Schizophrenia

Fig. 3: Differences in membrane fatty acid levels and ratios between baseline and after antipsychotic treatment in patient subgroups divided by episodes.

From: Reduced erythrocyte membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid levels indicate diminished treatment response in patients with multi- versus first-episode schizophrenia

Fig. 3

a EPA (C20:5n3), DHA (C22:6n3) and summations for SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, and total FAs; b n-6/n-3 ratio, omega-3 index and unsaturation index. c Fatty acid ratios that present corresponding enzymes in the fatty acid synthetic pathways; d the synthetic pathways of fatty acids. SCD-1, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1. The fatty acids in red text indicate the types of specific fatty acids we analyzed in this study. The red dotted line divides the opposing trends of changes among the four subgroups. FE, first-episode; MUFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid. Plots are shown as the means and standard errors. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 for increase; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 for decrease.

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