Table 2 Fatty acid composition (%) of red blood cells at the acute (T1) and partial remission stage (T2) of the schizophrenia patients as compared to the pooled controls.

From: Niacin skin flush and membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia from the acute state to partial remission: a dynamic relationship

 

Schizophrenia (n = 46)

Pooled controlsc

 

T1 at the baseline

T2 at the follow-upb

(n = 37)

Fatty acids

Mean

(SD)

ESa

Mean

(SD)

ES

Mean

(SD)

n-6 PUFAs

        

 C18:2 (linoleic acid)

15.99

(2.38)

−0.2

15.77

(2.52)

−0.3

16.33

(1.64)

 C18:3 (γ-linolenic acid)

0.42d

(0.24)

0.6*

0.35

(0.11)

0.4

0.31

(0.06)

 C20:2 (eicosadienoic acid)

0.44d

(0.11)

0.4

0.43

(0.10)

0.4

0.40

(0.06)

 C20:3 (dihomo gamma linolenic acid)

0.93d

(0.33)

−0.7*

0.98d

(0.31)

−0.6*

1.13

(0.18)

 C20:4 (arachidonic acid)

12.22

(2.22)

−0.2

12.16

(2.61)

−0.2

12.57

(1.22)

 C22:2 (docosadienoic acid)

0.15d

(0.06)

0.4

0.17d

(0.17)

0.3

0.13

(0.05)

 C22:4 (adrenic acid)

2.87d

(0.94)

0.8*

2.35

(0.72)

0.3

2.13

(0.57)

 C22:5 (docosapentaenoic acid)

0.51

(0.15)

−0.2

0.52

(0.23)

−0.1

0.54

(0.15)

 Sum of n-6 fatty acids

33.52

(3.20)

0.0

32.73

(4.14)

−0.2

33.53

(2.10)

n-3 PUFAs

        

 C18:3 (α-Linolenic acid)

0.29

(0.11)

0.1

0.28

(0.08)

0.0

0.28

(0.09)

 C20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid)

0.57

(0.30)

−0.2

0.52

(0.22)

−0.4

0.62

(0.26)

 C22:5 (docosapentaenoic acid)

1.75

(0.42)

0.1

1.66

(0.43)

−0.2

1.73

(0.41)

 C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid)

4.37d

(1.23)

−0.6*

4.11d

(1.23)

−0.8*

4.98

(0.80)

 Sum of n-3 fatty acids

6.98d

(1.75)

−0.4

6.57d

(1.64)

−0.7*

7.61

(1.11)

 Sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids

40.50

(4.24)

−0.2

39.30

(5.11)

−0.5

41.14

(1.85)

  1. aES: effect size calculated as [(mean difference between schizophrenia and pooled controls)/SD (the whole sample)].
  2. bEight weeks after the baseline or on the first outpatient follow-up if the patient had been discharged by eight weeks.
  3. cPooled controls: mean fatty acids levels of controls at baseline and 2-month follow up.
  4. dp < 0.05 for comparison with the pooled controls in linear regressions adjusting for propensity score consisting of age, sex, and smoking.
  5. *Significant after correction for multiple testing by false discovery rate.
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