Fig. 5: Breaking down the change in general psychopathology.

a the tACS treatment group, but not the sham group, exhibited a significant decrease in PANSS general psychopathology subscore from Day 1 (baseline) to Day 5 (end of the treatment week). Breaking down the subscore to individual items (b), we observed an across-the-board decrease in symptom scores for the tACS treatment group. The patterns of symptom change were distinct between tACS and sham treatment groups (see text for statistical details). There was a significant decrease in depression and anxiety scores from baseline to Day 5 in the tACS treatment group but not in the sham group. The change in depression score from baseline to Day 5 was significantly greater in the tACS treatment group than of the sham group (c, left). The change in anxiety scores was not significantly different between tACS and sham treatment groups.