Table 3 Symptoms of VR sickness reported after 1st and after 8th session.

From: Effects and safety of virtual reality-based mindfulness in patients with psychosis: a randomized controlled pilot study

 

VBM (n = 13)

VR control (n = 15)

P valueb

P valuec

After 1st session

After 8th session

Pa

After 1st session

After 8th session

Pa

Blurred vision

 Yes

9(69.23%)

8(61.54%)

0.564

10(66.67%)

8(53.33%)

0.414

1

0.956

 No

4(30.77%)

5(38.46%)

 

5(33.33%)

7(46.67%)

   

Burping

 Yes

0(0%)

1(7.69%)

NA

1(6.67%)

1(6.67%)

NA

1

1

 No

13(100%)

12(92.31%)

 

14(93.33%)

14(93.33%)

   

Difficulty concentrating

 Yes

6(46.15%)

4(30.77%)

0.157

5(33.33%)

7(46.67%)

0.317

0.761

0.638

 No

7(53.85%)

9(69.23%)

 

10(66.67%)

8(53.33%)

   

Difficulty with visual focus

 Yes

10(76.92%)

9(69.23%)

0.317

8(53.33%)

8(53.33%)

1

0.254

0.638

 No

3(23.08%)

4(30.77%)

 

7(46.67%)

7(46.67%)

   

Dizziness when eyes closed

 Yes

3(23.08%)

1(7.69%)

0.157

1(6.67%)

0(0%)

NA

0.311

0.464

 No

10(76.92%)

12(92.31%)

 

14(93.33%)

15(100%)

   

Dizziness when eyes opened

 Yes

3(23.08%)

1(7.69%)

0.157

1(6.67%)

1(6.67%)

1

0.311

1

 No

10(76.92%)

12(92.31%)

 

14(93.33%)

14(93.33%)

   

Eye fatigue

 Yes

9(69.23%)

7(53.85%)

0.157

6(40%)

3(20%)

0.083

0.243

0.114

 No

4(30.77%)

6(46.15%)

 

9(60%)

12(80%)

   

Fatigue

 Yes

7(53.85%)

4(30.77%)

0.083

3(20%)

6(40%)

0.180

0.114

0.705

 No

6(46.15%)

9(69.23%)

 

12(80%)

9(60%)

   

Fullness of head

 Yes

8(61.54%)

3(23.08%)

0.025

3(20%)

7(46.67%)

0.046

0.063

0.254

 No

5(38.46%)

10(76.92%)

 

12(80%)

8(53.33%)

   

General discomfort

 Yes

8(61.54%)

5(38.46%)

0.083

9(60%)

10(66.67%)

0.655

1

0.266

 No

5(38.46%)

8(61.54%)

 

6(40%)

5(33.33%)

   

Headache

 Yes

3(23.08%)

2(15.38%)

0.564

2(13.33%)

2(13.33%)

1

0.639

1

 No

10(76.92%)

11(84.62%)

 

13(86.67%)

13(86.67%)

   

Increased salivation

 Yes

3(23.08%)

3(23.08%)

1

2(13.33%)

1(6.67%)

0.317

0.639

0.311

 No

10(76.92%)

10(76.92%)

 

13(86.67%)

14(93.33%)

   

Nausea

 Yes

2(15.38%)

0(0%)

NA

1(6.67%)

0(0%)

NA

0.583

NA

 No

11(84.62%)

13(100%)

 

14(93.33%)

15(100%)

   

Stomach discomfort

 Yes

0(0%)

2(15.38%)

NA

1(6.67%)

1(6.67%)

NA

1

0.583

 No

13(100%)

11(84.62%)

 

14(93.33%)

14(93.33%)

   

Sweating

 Yes

2(15.38%)

1(7.69%)

0.317

1(6.67%)

0(0%)

NA

0.583

0.464

 No

11(84.62%)

12(92.31%)

 

14(93.33%)

15(100%)

   

Vertigo

 Yes

3(23.08%)

2(15.38%)

0.317

1(6.67%)

1(6.67%)

NA

0.311

0.583

 No

10(76.92%)

11(84.62%)

 

14(93.33%)

14(93.33%)

   
  1. VBM Virtual Reality-based Mindfulness Intervention.
  2. aMcNemar test.
  3. bChi-square test for comparison of adverse events after 1st session between two groups.
  4. cChi-square test comparison of adverse events after 8th session between two groups. Data given as N (percent%).