Fig. 1: Complement protein concentrations in patients and controls.

Peripheral protein concentrations of complement components show significant increases in C1q, C4, factor B, factor H, and properdin in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients compared to controls. No difference was observed for C3. Bars represent the mean ± SD, and p-values are adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Abbreviations: FES: first episode schizophrenia; HC: healthy control; SD: standard deviation.