Table 1 Demographic, lipid profiles and clinical characteristics of CR-TRS patients with MetS and without MetS and HCs.

From: Association of cytokines levels, psychopathology and cognition among CR-TRS patients with metabolic syndrome

Variables

Patients with MetS (n = 31)

Patients without MetS (n = 38)

HCs (n = 84)

F/χ2

p value

Age (years)

45.94 ± 9.63

48.68 ± 7.93

44.36 ± 7.21#

3.912

0.022

Gender (Male/ Female)

13/18

21/17

44/40

1.360

0.507

Education (years)

11.48 ± 2.43

11.21 ± 2.54

11.77 ± 2.64

0.652

0.523

BMI (kg/m2)

25.63 ± 3.71

22.85 ± 2.67***

22.15 ± 2.64###

16.559

<0.001

Lipid profiles

FPG (mmol/L)

5.62 ± 1.88

5.19 ± 1.07

–

1.427

0.095

TG (mmol/L)

1.67 ± 0.67

1.35 ± 0.50

–

4.458

0.046

CHOL (mmol/L)

4.09 ± 0.79

4.08 ± 0.79

–

0.002

0.881

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.14 ± 0.27

1.26 ± 0.31

–

2.875

0.056

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.27 ± 0.80

2.23 ± 0.72

–

0.070

0.760

PANSS

Total score

80.52 ± 7.47

82.05 ± 11.30

–

0.422

0.518

P subscore

19.87 ± 5.80

20.58 ± 5.63

–

0.263

0.610

N subscore

18.77 ± 5.33

20.24 ± 7.88

–

0.777

0.381

G subscore

41.55 ± 5.27

41.24 ± 6.47

–

0.047

0.830

  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or frequency.
  2. Hashtag indicates significance between HCs and TRS patients. #p < 0.05, ###p < 0.001.
  3. Asterisk indicates significance between MetS and non-MetS groups. ***p < 0.01.
  4. CR-TRS Clozapine-resistant treatment-refractory schizophrenia, MetS Metabolic Syndrome, HCs Healthy Controls, BMI Body Mass Index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TG triglyceride, CHOL cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, P positive symptom, N negative symptom, G general psychopathology syndrome.
  5. Bold values identify statistical significance (p < 0.05).
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