Fig. 1: Schema of multivariate analyses between neuroanatomy and cognition in unmedicated and medicated individuals with schizophrenia.

We conducted a series of sCCA between cognitive and neuroanatomic profiles in unmedicated and medicated individuals with schizophrenia. Six test scores from the BACS were included as cognitive item variables; Cortical measurements from 68 regions and volumes of 14 subcortical structures were included, and we used the combination of CT/SV or CSA/SV as neuroanatomic item variables. Item variables with low contributions to the model were penalized as zero, and non-zero weights were reported to demonstrate the composition of the identified canonical correlation. Loadings were defined as univariate correlation coefficients between one canonical variate and item variable on the same side; Cross-loadings were determined as univariate correlation coefficients between one canonical variate and item variable on the opposite side. BACS Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, FES first-episode schizophrenia, CSA cortical surface area, CT cortical thickness, sCCA sparse canonical correlation analysis, Var variable, sCCA r the coefficient for the significant canonical correlation, SV subcortical volume.