Table 2 Descriptive statistics.

From: Brain structural associations of syntactic complexity and diversity across schizophrenia spectrum and major depressive disorders, and healthy controls

 

HC (n = 33)

MDD (n = 24)

SSD (n = 30)

Comparison (p)

P adj

Effect size (η²)

Age

42.03 (13.74)

40.46 (11.54)

41.43 (13.44)

0.904

0.964

0.002

Sex

f = 20 m = 13

f = 14 m = 10

f = 10 m = 20

0.065

0.087

 

Syntactic complexity

0.40 (0.12)

0.42 (0.13)

0.33 (0.09)

0.004a

0.007

0.121

Syntactic diversity

0.63 (0.12)

0.64 (0.14)

0.54 (0.14)

0.008a

0.013

0.110

Total no. of words

1131.48 (319.74)

1176.33 (367.70)

1062.80 (440.78)

0.538

0.615

0.015

Total no. of sentences

64.73 (17.57)

64.67 (20.54)

79.53 (35.98)

0.047

0.068

0.070

Years of education

15.38 (2.61)

13.17 (2.57)

11.78 (2.14)

<0.001b

0.002

0.290

SANS sum score

0.20 (0.58)

5.74 (7.68)

17.07 (11.64)

<0.001c

0.002

0.451

SANS alogia

0.07 (0.37)

0.83 (1.23)

2.23 (2.51)

<0.001c

0.002

0.245

SAPS sum score

0.21 (0.83)

1.23 (2.07)

13.24 (13.40)

<0.001c

0.002

0.362

SAPS pFTD

0.07 (0.37)

1.48 (2.35)

6.43 (8.24)

<0.001c

0.002

0.253

HAM-D sum score

0.86 (1.75)

4.65 (6.31)

7.96 (6.14)

<0.001d

0.002

0.284

YMRS sum score

0.21 (0.69)

0.62 (1.20)

5.93 (6.61)

<0.001c

0.002

0.267

GAF score

90.83 (9.75)

67.50 (12.90)

53.54 (14.49)

<0.001e

0.002

0.699

Verbal IQ

117.96 (13.57)

112.13 (13.46)

110.55 (14.43)

0.116

0.143

0.055

TIV

1561.67 (157.48)

1540.69 (174.41)

1541.29 (126.81)

0.970

0.970

0.001

  1. Means and standard deviations (SD) (in brackets) are listed for each group and category.
  2. Bold font indicates significant results after correcting for multiple testing (Benjamini & Hochberg).
  3. SANS Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, SAPS Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, HAM-D Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, YMRS Young Mania Rating Scale, GAF Global Assessment of Functioning, TIV Total Intracranial Volume.
  4. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (post hoc test) were used for pairwise comparisons:
  5. aSSD < MDD, HC.
  6. bSSD, MDD < HC.
  7. cSSD > MDD, HC.
  8. dSSD > HC.
  9. eSSD < MDD < HC.