Fig. 2: Cortical excitability and motor thresholds across TRS patients, non-TRS, and healthy controls. | Schizophrenia

Fig. 2: Cortical excitability and motor thresholds across TRS patients, non-TRS, and healthy controls.

From: In vivo assessment of GABAergic inhibition and glutamate facilitation in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a TMS study integrating clinical, cognitive, and neurophysiological evaluations

Fig. 2

AMT was found significantly elevated in TRS patients compared to healthy controls, as shown in (A), while RMT and MEP1mV values did not differ significantly among the groups. The balance between short-interval intracortical inhibition SICI and ICF circuits has been presented in (B), where TRS demonstrate a reduction in SICI compared to controls (asterisk on the right side of the graph), reflecting impaired inhibitory circuits, with a significant difference observed at 3 ms (asterisk above the bars). Mean SICI values (C), expressed as a percentage of the TS, were higher in TRS than in controls, further indicating reduced inhibition. The excitation index, which reflects the balance between inhibitory and excitatory circuit activity, is significantly increased in TRS patients compared to both healthy controls and non-TRS patients, suggesting a shift toward cortical excitation (D). E presents LICI data across interstimulus intervals, showing no significant differences among the groups. F presents SAI data, where TRS and non-TRS patients show a reduced inhibition compared to healthy controls. *Statistically significant for healthy controls vs TRS. #Statistically significant for healthy controls vs non-TRS. G presents mean SAI data, where TRS and non-TRS patients show a reduced inhibition compared to healthy controls.

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