Table 1 Potentially interesting proteins for future research and breeding grouped into protein families.

From: Reference proteomes of five wheat species as starting point for future design of cultivars with lower allergenic potential

UniProt annotation / keyword

Common wheat

Spelt

Durum

Emmer

Einkorn

Glutenin, HMW, LMW

19 (0.81)

18 (0.78)

15 (0.85)

6 (0.69)

7 (0.78)

Gliadin

23 (0.81)

16 (0.81)

12 (0.81)

2 (0.64)

5 (0.82)

Puroindoline

1 (0.82)

0

0

0

2 (0.54)

Beta-amylase

7 (0.82)

4 (0.93)

2 (0.75)

1 (0.80)

1 (0.62)

1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme

3 (0.66)

2 (0.62)

7 (0.74)

2 (0.57)

3 (0.64)

Sucrose synthase, Sucrose_synth

3 (0.78)

3 (0.69)

5 (0.75)

1 (0.65)

0

Alpha-amylase inhibitor, amylase inhibitor

8 (0.71)

7 (0.72)

4 (0.79)

0

0

Trypsin inhibitor

2 (0.83)

3 (0.73)

1 (0.66)

0

1 (0.59)

Serpin

4 (0.75)

4 (0.76)

9 (0.85)

5 (0.60)

1 (0.57)

Non-specific lipid-transfer protein

6 (0.80)

5 (0.89)

4 (0.74)

0

1 (0.77)

Glutathione transferase, S-transferase

2 (0.74)

1 (0.70)

4 (0.80)

2 (0.69)

0

P:defense responsea

15 (0.74)

11 (0.66)

15 (0.77)

10 (0.71)

8 (0.66)

P:response to watera

8 (0.69)

4 (0.60)

4 (0.78)

4 (0.74)

0

Heat shock

5 (0.64)

2 (0.57)

4 (0.73)

5 (0.76)

3 (0.58)

P:response to heata

10 (0.74)

5 (0.65)

17 (0.70)

7 (0.75)

3 (0.63)

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA)

2 (0.73)

0

0

0

0

  1. HMW high molecular weight, LMW low molecular weight.
  2. aproteins involved in a given biological process (P:) according to the gene ontology (GO) analysis.
  3. These proteins were filtered by applying a stringent criterion within each species, i.e., heritability >0.50, missing data ≤20%, detected in all environments in ≥50% cultivars and in at least 2 of 3 environments in ≥80% cultivars. For each species, the number of proteins within specific protein families fulfilling the filtering criteria are shown with their average heritability in brackets. For more details, see Supplementary Table1.
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