Table 1 Precision nutrition categories to reset or resolve SARS-CoV-2-induced HMR/D
Precision nutrition category | RCTs | |
|---|---|---|
Done | Total | |
Fe-redox dysregulation | ||
Hypoxia | ||
L-arginine | 4 | 6 |
L-tryptophan | 1 | 1 |
Fe-redox regulators | ||
Lactoferrin (LF) | 2 | 13 |
Hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) | 4 | 6 |
Erythropoietin (EPO) | 3 | 4 |
Hepcidin/HEP modulators | 4 | 6 |
Ferroptosis inhibitors | ||
Vitamin E | 3 | 5 |
Ferrostatin (FER-1) | – | – |
Dietary phytochemicals | ||
Quercetin | 1 | 4 |
Glycyrrhizin/liver disease | 7 | 15 |
Curcumin | 1 | 2 |
Altered bioenergetic systems | ||
Mitochondrial dysfunction (m-Dys) | ||
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) | 3 | 6 |
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) | - | 1 |
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) | 3 | 6 |
Creatine | 2 | 3 |
Vitamin B12 (cobalamine) | 2 | 7 |
Oxidative stress (OxS) | ||
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) | 1 | 2 |
Catalase (CAT) | 1 | 2 |
Glutathione (GSH) | 2 | 8 |
N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) | 2 | 8 |
Glutamine | – | – |
Maillard reaction products (MRP) | – | – |
Viral hijacked host factors | ||
ACE2/RAAS | ||
L-carnitine | 1 | 3 |
NRP1 | ||
Melatonin | 4 | 6 |
Serine protease | ||
Flavone-3-OL | – | – |
Sulforaphane | – | – |
New ‘onset’ disorders | ||
Immune impairment | ||
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) | 23 | 44 |
Omega-3/PUFAs | 3 | 3 |
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | 15 | 34 |
Dysbiosis | ||
Probiotics/lactic acid bacteria (LAB) | 11 | 17 |
Metabolic syndromes | ||
Diabetes (T2DM) | – | – |
Obesity (hyperlipemia) | – | – |
