Table 1 Physicochemical properties of all kiwi wines
From: Impact of must clarification treatments on chemical and sensory profiles of kiwifruit wine
Variety | Sample | Reducing sugar, (g/L) | Alcohol content, (%vol) | Titratable acidity, (g/L) | Volatile acids, (g/L) | pH | Glycerol, (mg/L) | Ammonium, (mg/L) | CIELab | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L* | a* | b* | |||||||||
Xuxiang | 100 NTU | 3.61 ± 0.11a | 11.77 ± 0.01a | 12.60 ± 0.30c | 0.14 ± 0.02a | 3.52 ± 0.03a | 5.10 ± 0.28c | 4.40 ± 1.13a,b | 99.07 ± 0.04a | −0.44 ± 0.00d | 3.16 ± 0.01d |
200 NTU | 3.47 ± 0.08a | 10.93 ± 0.02a | 11.83 ± 0.25b | 0.14 ± 0.02a | 3.37 ± 0.17a,b | 5.60 ± 0.00b | 5.40 ± 2.55a,b | 98.3 ± 0.01c | −0.35 ± 0.00c | 3.74 ± 0.01c | |
300 NTU | 3.64 ± 0.22a | 11.50 ± 0.02a | 12.67 ± 7.70b,c | 0.14 ± 0.02a | 3.29 ± 0.04b | 5.95 ± 0.07b | 7.05 ± 1.06a | 97.91 ± 0.01d | −0.30 ± 0.00b | 3.93 ± 0.01bc | |
Muddy juice | 3.66 ± 0.05a | 11.84 ± 0.01a | 13.27 ± 0.25b, c | 0.20 ± 0.04a | 3.22 ± 0.04b | 7.35 ± 0.07a | 3.40 ± 0.42c | 98.39 ± 0.01b | −0.36 ± 0.01c | 4.03 ± 0.01b | |
Pulp | 3.41 ± 0.04a | 11.55 ± 0.01a | 13.12 ± 0.25a | 0.17 ± 0.02a | 3.22 ± 0.05b | 7.25 ± 0.07a | 3.90 ± 0.28a,b | 97.04 ± 0.06e | −0.20 ± 0.04a | 5.03 ± 0.24a | |
Huayou | 100 NTU | 3.86 ± 0.10b | 10.60 ± 0.14b | 13.31 ± 1.81a | 0.24 ± 0.01a | 3.61 ± 0.01a,b | 4.7 ± 0.14a | 5.00 ± 1.70b | 98.14 ± 0.00a | −1.78 ± 0.01c | 8.29 ± 0.05e |
200 NTU | 3.96 ± 0.07b | 11.25 ± 0.07a | 12.61 ± 1.42a | 0.20 ± 0.01a,b | 3.63 ± 0.01a | 5.05 ± 0.21a | 6.55 ± 0.78b | 97.68 ± 0.02b | 1.755 ± 0.01c | 8.84 ± 0.06d | |
300 NTU | 3.95 ± 0.14b | 10.95 ± 0.07b | 13.50 ± 1.23a | 0.21 ± 0.02a,b | 3.52 ± 0.05c | 5.3 ± 0.57a | 7.50 ± 0.42b | 97.70 ± 0.01b | −1.78 ± 0.03c | 9.05 ± 0.04c | |
Muddy juice | 3.91 ± 0.09b | 11.30 ± 0.14a | 14.21 ± 0.06a | 0.20 ± 0.00b | 3.48 ± 0.01c | 5.4 ± 0.14a | 13.40 ± 3.25a | 97.10 ± 0.04c | −1.695 ± 0.01b | 9.27 ± 0.08b | |
Pulp | 4.22 ± 0.02a | 11.05 ± 0.21a | 12.83 ± 1.06a | 0.22 ± 0.02a,b | 3.48 ± 0.01c | 5.3 ± 0.00a | 16.50 ± 1.13a | 94.74 ± 0.04d | 1.295 ± 0.01a | 11.11 ± 0.01a | |
Hayward | 100 NTU | 3.73 ± 0.06a | 11.36 ± 0.00b | 15.29 ± 0.08a | 0.16 ± 0.08a | 3.25 ± 0.01a | 5.7 ± 0.10c | 5.45 ± 0.25a | 99.14 ± 0.00a | −0.525 ± 0.01d | 3.41 ± 0.01d |
200 NTU | 3.48 ± 0.42a | 11.65 ± 0.07a | 15.18 ± 0.05a | 0.15 ± 0.08a | 3.23 ± 0.01a,b | 6.05 ± 0.15c | 7.00 ± 2.10a | 98.96 ± 0.00a | −0.475 ± 0.01c | 3.45 ± 0.01d | |
300 NTU | 2.69 ± 0.24b | 11.17 ± 0.02c | 15.34 ± 0.13a | 0.21 ± 0.04a | 3.25 ± 0.01a | 6.25 ± 0.15c | 6.05 ± 0.45a | 98.85 ± 0.02b | −0.465 ± 0.03b | 3.60 ± 0.02b | |
Muddy juice | 3.47 ± 0.39a | 11.74 ± 0.01a | 15.20 ± 0.04a | 0.15 ± 0.00a | 3.21 ± 0.01b | 7.60 ± 0.30b | 5.10 ± 1.70a | 96.72 ± 0.00a | −0.43 ± 0.01bc | 5.54 ± 0.01c | |
Pulp | 3.18 ± 0.12a,b | 11.66 ± 0.01a | 15.08 ± 0.23a | 0.15 ± 0.04a | 3.22 ± 0.01b | 8.60 ± 0.20a | 6.85 ± 0.75a | 93.14 ± 0.33c | −0.135 ± 0.01a | 7.95 ± 0.11a | |
Qinmei | 100 NTU | 4.73 ± 0.10a | 10.90 ± 0.14a | 16.38 ± 0.33a | 0.11 ± 0.01a | 3.13 ± 0.01a,b | 4.20 ± 0.30c | 4.70 ± 0.20a | 99.51 ± 0.01c | −0.60 ± 0.00c | 2.99 ± 0.00d |
200 NTU | 4.21 ± 0.30a,b | 11.25 ± 0.07a | 16.46 ± 0.33a | 0.15 ± 0.07a | 3.11 ± 0.07b | 4.60 ± 0.10b,c | 5.50 ± 0.20a | 99.65 ± 0.01a | −0.56 ± 0.01c | 2.96 ± 0.00e | |
300 NTU | 3.86 ± 0.08b | 11.23 ± 0.04a | 16.15 ± 0.06a | 0.13 ± 0.04a | 3.12 ± 0.04b | 4.95 ± 0.05b | 5.20 ± 0.80a | 99.62 ± 0.00b | −0.63 ± 0.00d | 3.09 ± 0.00c | |
Muddy juice | 3.92 ± 0.14b | 11.10 ± 0.14a | 13.09 ± 0.77b | 0.19 ± 0.02a | 3.19 ± 0.02a | 6.75 ± 0.05a | 5.40 ± 0.50a | 98.72 ± 0.01d | −0.45 ± 0.00b | 3.47 ± 0.01b | |
Pulp | 3.66 ± 0.08b | 11.10 ± 0.28a | 13.8 ± 0.56b | 0.19 ± 0.02a | 3.19 ± 0.02a | 6.45 ± 0.15a | 8.40 ± 2.30a | 98.41 ± 0.00e | −0.33 ± 0.01a | 3.54 ± 0.01a | |
Yate | 100 NTU | 3.96 ± 0.28b | 11.35 ± 0.07a | 12.53 ± 0.11a | 0.22 ± 0.02a | 3.44 ± 0.01c | 6.00 ± 0.30b | 9.05 ± 0.45a | 97.55 ± 0.09b | −0.87 ± 0.13c | 4.64 ± 0.16c |
200 NTU | 4.54 ± 0.06a,b | 11.35 ± 0.07a | 11.26 ± 0.71b | 0.17 ± 0.01b | 3.52 ± 0.01a | 6.65 ± 0.05a | 8.90 ± 0.30a | 98.17 ± 0.01a | −0.81 ± 0.00c | 4.83 ± 0.04c | |
300 NTU | 5.01 ± 0.46a | 11.65 ± 0.07a | 12.04 ± 0.71a,b | 0.18 ± 0.01b | 3.46 ± 0.01b,c | 6.10 ± 0.10b | 8.95 ± 0.45a | 98.01 ± 0.03a | −0.78 ± 0.02c | 4.69 ± 0.05c | |
Muddy juice | 4.46 ± 0.34a,b | 11.65 ± 0.35a | 12.76 ± 0.03a | 0.17 ± 0.01b | 3.47 ± 0.00b | 6.80 ± 0.00a | 7.10 ± 0.30a | 96.37 ± 0.02c | −0.55 ± 0.00b | 5.76 ± 0.01b | |
Pulp | 4.08 ± 0.28b | 11.75 ± 0.07a | 13.09 ± 0.64a | 0.17 ± 0.00b | 3.50 ± 0.00a | 6.90 ± 0.10a | 8.30 ± 1.20a | 90.21 ± 0.16d | 0.20 ± 0.06a | 9.72 ± 0.06a |