Fig. 3: Effect of mucin (M) 0.1(w/v)%, on the protein-flavor binding mechanism.

The abbreviation “K_” indicated the chemical class (ketones), increasing in chain length from C₆ to C₁₀. Binding (%) was calculated following Eq. (3). Results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Letters denote significant differences (p < 0.05). Treatments with the same letter are not significantly different.