Table 2 The independent factors and combination of independent factors for optimization the ultrasound-assisted extraction of astaxanthin with different solvents from P. maeoticus Gammarus
From: Green astaxanthin extraction using microwave and ultrasound pretreatments
Run | Independent variables | Total carotenoid content (µg/g DW) | Astaxanthin Concentration (mg/mL) | Astaxanthin recovery yield (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | Organic solvent | Vegetable oil | Ionic microemulsion | Organic Solvent | Vegetable oil | Ionic microemulsion | Organic solvent | Vegetable oil | Ionic microemulsion | |
1 | 5 | 200 | 5 | 24.698 | 4.475 | 44.142 | 21.729 | 2.825 | 39.983 | 85.33 | 59.66 | 90 |
2 | 20 | 60 | 30 | 12.237 | 1.936 | 27.364 | 9.062 | 1.412 | 26.555 | 73.33 | 70.66 | 96.66 |
3 | 5 | 130 | 17.5 | 33.501 | 2.269 | 57.285 | 27.269 | 1.698 | 47.126 | 81.66 | 72.33 | 84.66 |
4 | 20 | 130 | 17.5 | 14.475 | 4.491 | 33.682 | 10.571 | 4.237 | 31.745 | 72.33 | 94 | 94 |
5 | 5 | 60 | 30 | 22.809 | 4.888 | 76.269 | 19.285 | 4.317 | 68.142 | 83 | 84.33 | 89.33 |
6 | 5 | 200 | 30 | 25.158 | 7.11 | 68.11 | 18.11 | 6.618 | 58.364 | 73 | 92.33 | 86.33 |
7 | 12.5 | 130 | 17.5 | 16.111 | 6.047 | 54.507 | 12.349 | 4.793 | 47.825 | 76.66 | 74 | 87 |
8 | 12.5 | 130 | 17.5 | 15.364 | 3.936 | 54.57 | 12.65 | 2.936 | 52.46 | 83 | 70.33 | 95.66 |
9 | 12.5 | 60 | 17.5 | 18.618 | 1.825 | 52.777 | 14.936 | 1.539 | 49.682 | 79.33 | 83.66 | 93.66 |
10 | 12.5 | 130 | 30 | 23.11 | 5.523 | 52.84 | 17.888 | 5.142 | 49.491 | 78 | 92.66 | 93.33 |
11 | 20 | 60 | 5 | 9.999 | 1.872 | 36.729 | 7.777 | 1.333 | 34.841 | 75.66 | 70 | 94.33 |
12 | 12.5 | 130 | 5 | 13.221 | 3.253 | 51.428 | 10.507 | 1.523 | 49.364 | 79.66 | 47.33 | 95 |
13 | 20 | 200 | 5 | 9.745 | 1.459 | 37.301 | 6.967 | 1.269 | 33.571 | 71.33 | 86 | 89.33 |
14 | 12.5 | 130 | 17.5 | 20.824 | 4.364 | 43.19 | 17.729 | 3.841 | 40.904 | 83.66 | 86.33 | 94.33 |
15 | 12.5 | 130 | 17.5 | 21.158 | 3.094 | 51.317 | 16.189 | 2.602 | 49.015 | 76 | 84 | 95 |
16 | 5 | 60 | 5 | 30.396 | 2.993 | 51.332 | 28.587 | 2.476 | 48.682 | 93.66 | 81.66 | 94.66 |
17 | 12.5 | 200 | 17.5 | 15.936 | 3.174 | 48.19 | 13.269 | 1.698 | 46.221 | 83 | 53 | 95.33 |
18 | 12.5 | 130 | 17.5 | 25.285 | 3.967 | 52.825 | 20.301 | 3.317 | 47.634 | 80 | 83.33 | 89.66 |
19 | 12.5 | 130 | 17.5 | 22.031 | 4.729 | 47.968 | 17.158 | 4.078 | 45.174 | 76 | 81.33 | 93.66 |
20 | 20 | 200 | 30 | 14.301 | 6.57 | 40.968 | 11.174 | 4.761 | 38.92 | 72.66 | 71.66 | 94.33 |
