Table 8 The independent factors and combination of independent factors for optimization the microwave-assisted extraction of astaxanthin with different solvents from P. maeoticus Gammarus
From: Green astaxanthin extraction using microwave and ultrasound pretreatments
Run | Independent variables | Total carotenoid content (µg/g DW) | Astaxanthin concentration (mg/mL) | Astaxanthin recovery yield (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
X1 | X2 | X3 | Organic solvent | Vegetable oil | Ionic microemulsion | Organic solvent | Vegetable oil | Ionic microemulsion | Organic solvent | Vegetable oil | Ionic microemulsion | |
1 | 20 | 300 | 5 | 13.897 | 6.252 | 28.475 | 10.936 | 5.587 | 27.856 | 77 | 89 | 97.33 |
2 | 20 | 200 | 57.5 | 14.983 | 7.841 | 32.237 | 10.444 | 7.507 | 31.46 | 69 | 95.33 | 97 |
3 | 12.5 | 200 | 57.5 | 20.682 | 8.777 | 45.968 | 15.126 | 8.317 | 45.063 | 73 | 94 | 97.33 |
4 | 12.5 | 200 | 57.5 | 14.682 | 6.009 | 56.475 | 9.983 | 4.205 | 49.301 | 67 | 67.66 | 88 |
5 | 20 | 100 | 110 | 12.857 | 2.968 | 64.887 | 8.666 | 2.444 | 45.714 | 67 | 81 | 70 |
6 | 12.5 | 200 | 110 | 18.401 | 7.444 | 68.602 | 12.777 | 6.285 | 66.65 | 68.66 | 83 | 96.66 |
7 | 12.5 | 200 | 5 | 13.396 | 9.986 | 47.921 | 8.771 | 8.663 | 47.031 | 65 | 87.66 | 97.33 |
8 | 5 | 300 | 5 | 16.396 | 4.12 | 81.824 | 14.269 | 3.317 | 54.983 | 86.33 | 80.66 | 66.66 |
9 | 12.5 | 200 | 57.5 | 15.174 | 3.079 | 52.38 | 11.443 | 2.523 | 51.412 | 74.66 | 80.66 | 98 |
10 | 5 | 200 | 57.5 | 15.358 | 7.65 | 48.713 | 13.348 | 6.761 | 47.825 | 85.66 | 86 | 97.66 |
11 | 5 | 100 | 5 | 26.094 | 5.92 | 60.459 | 20.19 | 5.552 | 58.406 | 77 | 93 | 96.66 |
12 | 12.5 | 100 | 57.5 | 16.396 | 5.57 | 54.888 | 11.825 | 4.586 | 53.809 | 71.66 | 81.66 | 97.66 |
13 | 12.5 | 200 | 57.5 | 16.983 | 8.253 | 74.748 | 11.571 | 7.507 | 71.38 | 68 | 88.33 | 95.33 |
14 | 20 | 300 | 110 | 14.539 | 4.348 | 60.412 | 10.079 | 3.824 | 47.555 | 69 | 81.66 | 78.66 |
15 | 12.5 | 200 | 57.5 | 16.285 | 10.158 | 59.031 | 11.714 | 7.983 | 44.951 | 71.33 | 75 | 77.66 |
16 | 12.5 | 300 | 57.5 | 16.358 | 7.444 | 89.396 | 11.38 | 6.65 | 66.111 | 69 | 88.66 | 72 |
17 | 5 | 300 | 110 | 25.729 | 5.824 | 54.936 | 17.555 | 4.735 | 52.285 | 68 | 81.33 | 95 |
18 | 5 | 100 | 110 | 22.428 | 7.159 | 45.586 | 15.999 | 6.314 | 44.253 | 70.66 | 89 | 96.66 |
19 | 12.5 | 200 | 57.5 | 16.712 | 6.935 | 42.841 | 11.777 | 6.507 | 40.745 | 69.66 | 93.33 | 94.66 |
20 | 20 | 100 | 5 | 12.174 | 4.587 | 31.317 | 8.809 | 4.396 | 30.634 | 71.66 | 93.66 | 97 |
