Table 4 Description of parameters and constraints used in the models and their respective source whenever available

SPS K_M

K_M5

0.1– 2

^{25, 52, 53 ,}

Spinacia oleracea

Pisum sativum

Inv K_M

K_M6

7–13

⁵⁴

Arabidopsis thaliana Oy-0

Hxk K_M for GlcK activity

K_M7

1.1–0.2

^{55, 56}

(0.01–2 for gin2-1)

Helianthus annuus, various

Hxk K_M for FrcK activity

K_M8

0.1–3 (0.1–5 for gin2-1)

^{55, 56}

Helianthus annuus, various

Inv K_i for Frc inhibition

K_i6a

0.001–10

⁵⁷

Lolium temulentum

Inv K_i for Glc inhibition

K_i6b

0.001–10

Assumed and optimized

Hxk K_i for Frc inhibition

K_i7

0.01–10

Assumed and optimized

Hxk K_i for Glc inhibition

K_i8

0.001–10

Assumed and optimized

SPS maximal reaction rate

V_m5

10–20 for both

Measured

Inv maximal reaction rate

V_m6

60–100 for Ler

Measured

70–120 for gin2-1

GlcK maximal reaction rate

V_m7

2–4 for Ler

Measured

0–1 for gin2-1

FrcK maximal reaction rate

V_m8

5–10 for Ler

Measured

2–5 for gin2-1

Photosynthesis rate

r1

Measured and splined

respiration rate

r2

−28.6 for Ler N

Measured

−37.5 for gin2-1 N

−44.0 for Ler HL

−47.5 for gin2-1 HL

Rate of starch synthesis

r3

1–7.5 for N

Measured and splined

5–26 for HL

Rate of starch degradation

r4

−4 to −10 for N

Measured and splined

−6 to −20 for HL

SPS activity as MM

r5

(V_m5∙HP)/(km5 + HP)

Measured and splined

Inv activity as MM

r6

(V_m6∙Suc)/((km6∙(1 + Frc/Ki6a) + Suc)∙(1 + Glc/Ki6b))

Measured and splined^24,47,49

GlcK activity as MM

r7

(V_m7 ∙Glc)/(km7 ∙(1 + Frc/Ki7) + Glc)

Measured and splined⁴⁹

FrcK activity as MM

r8

(V_m8 ∙Frc)/(km8∙ (1 + Glc/Ki8) + Frc)

Measured and splined⁴⁹

Aa synthesis from Cit as MBE

r9

r_ca ∙Cit

Assumed and optimized

r_ca ∈ {0.01,100}

SC formation from Aa as MBE

r10

a_ba∙Aa

Assumed and optimized

a_ba ∈ {0,1}

SC formation from HP as MBE

r11

ab_hp∙HP

Assumed and optimized

ab_hp ∈ {0.0001,100}

Exp rate from Aa as MBE

r12

aa_e∙Aa

Assumed and optimized

aa_e ∈ {0.0001,10}

Exp rate from Suc as MBE

r13

a_e∙Suc

Assumed and optimized

a_e ∈ {0.0001,10}

Cit formation from HP as MBE

r14

hp_c∙HP

Assumed and optimized

hp_c ∈ {0.01,10}

MF formation from HP as MBE

r15

hp_mf∙HP

Assumed and optimized

hp_mf ∈ {0.01,10}

MF formation from Cit as MBE

r16

cit_mf∙Cit

Assumed and optimized

cit_mf ∈ {0.01,10}

Cit formation from MF as MBE

r17

mf_cit∙MF

Assumed and optimized

mf_cit ∈ {0.01,10}