Fig. 1: Trauma-induced coagulopathy automated treatment vision.

a Our proposed control system architecture and block diagram. The envisioned automated system consists of four elements: sensors, a controller, actuators, and a plant, which is the patient’s coagulation process dynamics. b A schematic of a personalized, goal-oriented, and dynamic precision-medicine implementation to treat trauma patients at the point-of-care, which realizes the architecture in (a). Blood samples can be readily obtained from trauma patients. By using sensors and coagulation assays, coagulation factor concentrations in the blood sample can be quickly quantified. A smart controller algorithm then recommends a personalized treatment plan according to a goal-oriented approach, moving the patient along a recovery trajectory toward healing. This algorithm recommends coagulation factor concentrations to administer, which act as interventions to modulate patient coagulation process dynamics. This intervention approach is repeated frequently, and the treatment is adjusted dynamically. Created with BioRender.com.