Fig. 4: Temporal pattern similarity and relationships among individuals.

a The temporal pattern similarity among individuals (TPSI) of all 83 molecules. b The temporal variation of the relationships among individuals (TVRI) of all 83 molecules. The colour of the bar indicates the metabolic group (inset). The circles indicate 18 glucose-responsive molecules that showed a significant change after glucose ingestion (Supplementary Fig. 3). Abbreviations for the molecules are follows: GIP (active) gastric inhibitory polypeptide (active), SM-C IGF-1 somatomedin-C insulin-like growth factor I, ester type Cho ester type cholesterol, HDL cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol E ratio cholesterol ester ratio, BUN blood urea nitrogen, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Glu glutamic acid. c The distribution of the TPSI and TVRI values of all molecules. The colours of the dots indicate the metabolic group (inset in (a)). The 18 glucose-responsive molecules that showed a significant change after glucose ingestion (Supplementary Fig. 3) are labeled. The time courses (in minutes (min); only trends are shown) are examples where the waveform of each individual changes according to the TPSI and TVRI values. Upper right: Both the TPSI and TVRI values are high. Upper left: The TPSI values are high, but the TVRI values are low. Lower left: Both the TPSI and TVRI values are low. Abbreviations for the molecules that showed a significant change by glucose ingestion are as follows: Cit citrulline, Cor cortisol, CPR C-peptide, FFA free fatty acids, GH growth hormone, GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide (active), Glc glucose, Glu glutamic acid, Glu + TBM Glu + threo-beta-methylasparate, Ile isoleucine, Ins insulin, Ketone total ketone bodies, Leu leucine, Met methionine, Pyr pyruvate, TBA total bile acid, Tyr tyrosine, 4M2O 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.