Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the integrated cellular chemosynthesis network, composed of translation, polymer biosynthesis and metabolism layers.

We built a translation layer (1) that includes all the relevant steps of that process such as initiation, peptidic bond formation, translocation, and termination. Translation generates peptides that appear in a biosynthesis layer (A). The biosynthesis layer describes interactions between polymers and the formation of reported hetero-complex multimers (2) to carry out metabolic functions. Proteins in the biosynthesis layer act as enzymes or transporters enabling reactions (B) that generate energy and building blocks of translation such as ATP, GTP and charged tRNA within the metabolism layer (3). Finally, the free energy and building blocks of metabolism are employed as substrate inputs for translation (C).