Fig. 10: TGF-β signaling.
From: A molecular systems architecture of neuromuscular junction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Activation of Smad2/3 by TGF-β promotes muscle atrophy via expression of p21 and p23. TGF-βR - TGF-β receptor; Smad Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic, p21 Protein p21, p15 Protein p15. Double-sided orange rectangle represents a molecular pathway within a cell; black arrow represents signal propagation; red flat arrow represents inhibition of signal propagation; purple lozenge represents mRNA; light blue pentagram represents the ligand; and, green step arrow represents a receptor.
