Fig. 12: IL-6 signaling.
From: A molecular systems architecture of neuromuscular junction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
IL-6 secretion from the glial cells promotes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and growth factors such as VEGF and in endothelial cells, leading to neuroinflammation. IL-8 Interleukin 8, TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-α, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor. Double-sided orange rectangle represents a molecular pathway within a cell; black arrow represents signal propagation; purple lozenge represents mRNA; light blue pentagram represents the ligand; and, green step arrow represents a receptor.
