Fig. 4: ER stress signaling leading to neuronal apoptosis.
From: A molecular systems architecture of neuromuscular junction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Misfolded protein initiate BiP/IRE1α signaling and BiP/PERK/CHOP signaling in the ER leading to neuronal death mediated by p53 and caspase-12. IRE1 Inositol-requiring enzyme type 1, XBP1 X-box binding protein 1, BiP Binding immunoglobulin protein, CHOP CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins homologous protein, PERK Protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; eukaryotic initiation factor-2α (eIF2α), JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase, ASK1 Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, p53 Tumor protein P53. Double-sided orange rectangle represents a molecular pathway within a cell; black arrow represents signal propagation, small dark blue rectangle represents a protein or enzyme; purple lozenge represents mRNA; and, small pink rectangle represents mutated protein/enzyme.
