Table 4 Best performing models for the various biomarkers in both male and female subgroups as well as combined data and combined data with sex as an input feature
From: A supervised machine learning approach with feature selection for sex-specific biomarker prediction
Prediction Target | Model | MAE (Unit) | MSE (Unit²) | RMSE (Unit) | R² | RMSLE | MAPE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Waist circumference (cm) | Bayesian Ridge | 4.95 cm | 40.55 cm² | 6.37 cm | 0.8 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
BMI (kg/m²) | Gradient Boosting Regressor | 2.05 kg/m² | 7.54 kg/m² | 2.75 kg/m² | 0.77 | 0.09 | 0.07 | |
UrAlbCr (mg/g) | Linear Regression | 3.11 mg/g | 16.51 mg/g² | 4.06 mg/g | -0.01 | 0.46 | 0.53 | |
Uric Acid (mmol/L) | Huber Regressor | 0.03 mmol/L | 0.00 mmol/L² | 0.04 mmol/L | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.19 | |
Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | Linear Regression | 0.47 mmol/L | 0.36 mmol/L² | 0.60 mmol/L | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.09 | |
HDL (mmol/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.21 mmol/L | 0.07 mmol/L² | 0.26 mmol/L | 0.23 | 0.1 | 0.15 | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | Linear Regression | 0.33 mmol/L | 0.21 mmol/L² | 0.46 mmol/L | 0.21 | 0.2 | 0.33 | |
Albuminuria (mg/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.19 mg/L | 0.06 mg/L² | 0.24 mg/L | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Huber Regressor | 10.37 mmHg | 175.94 mmHg² | 13.26 mmHg | 0.24 | 0.11 | 0.09 | |
Male | Waist circumference (cm) | Huber Regressor | 3.90 cm | 25.39 cm² | 5.04 cm | 0.86 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
BMI (kg/m²) | Ridge | 1.43 kg/m² | 3.15 kg/m² | 1.77 kg/m² | 0.86 | 0.06 | 0.05 | |
UrAlbCr (mg/g) | Random Forest Regressor | 2.84 mg/g | 19.30 mg/g² | 4.39 mg/g | 0 | 0.49 | 0.46 | |
Uric Acid (mmol/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.03 mmol/L | 0.00 mmol/L² | 0.04 mmol/L | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.17 | |
Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | Huber Regressor | 0.40 mmol/L | 0.28 mmol/L² | 0.53 mmol/L | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.07 | |
HDL (mmol/L) | Linear Regression | 0.20 mmol/L | 0.07 mmol/L² | 0.27 mmol/L | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.15 | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | ExtraTrees Regressor | 0.41 mmol/L | 0.26 mmol/L² | 0.51 mmol/L | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.34 | |
Albuminuria (mg/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.21 mg/L | 0.07 mg/L² | 0.26 mg/L | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Huber Regressor | 10.38 mmHg | 176.90 mmHg² | 13.30 mmHg | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.09 | |
Combined Data excluding sex as an input feature | Waist circumference (cm) | Bayesian Ridge | 4.16 cm | 32.15 cm² | 5.67 cm | 0.83 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
BMI (kg/m²) | Gradient Boosting Regressor | 1.76 kg/m² | 5.47 kg/m² | 2.34 kg/m² | 0.81 | 0.08 | 0.06 | |
UrAlbCr (mg/g) | Random Forest Regressor | 2.85 mg/g | 15.92 mg/g² | 3.99 mg/g | 0.058 | 0.46 | 0.50 | |
Uric Acid (mmol/L) | BayesianRidge | 0.03 mmol/L | 0.00 mmol/L² | 0.04 mmol/L | 0.23 | 0.03 | 0.16 | |
Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | Huber Regressor | 0.43 mmol/L | 0.30 mmol/L² | 0.55 mmol/L | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
HDL (mmol/L) | LinearRegression | 0.21 mmol/L | 0.07 mmol/L² | 0.27 mmol/L | 0.27 | 0.11 | 0.16 | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | LinearRegression | 0.35 mmol/L | 0.22 mmol/L² | 0.47 mmol/L | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.35 | |
Albuminuria (mg/L) | Ridge | 0.21 mg/L | 0.07 mg/L² | 0.27 mg/L | 0.15 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Random Forest Regressor | 10.77 mmHg | 198.82 mmHg² | 14.10 mmHg | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.09 | |
Combined Data including sex as an input feature | Waist circumference (cm) | Bayesian Ridge | 3.98 cm | 28.10 cm² | 5.30 cm | 0.85 | 0.05 | 0.04 |
BMI (kg/m²) | Gradient Boosting Regressor | 1.62 kg/m² | 4.53 kg/m² | 2.13 kg/m² | 0.85 | 0.07 | 0.06 | |
UrAlbCr (mg/g) | AdaBoost Regressor | 2.78 mg/g | 15.32 mg/g² | 3.91 mg/g | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.51 | |
Uric Acid (mmol/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.03 mmol/L | 0.00 mmol/L² | 0.04 mmol/L | 0.35 | 0.03 | 0.15 | |
Blood Glucose (mmol/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.43 mmol/L | 0.30 mmol/L² | 0.55 mmol/L | 0.21 | 0.08 | 0.08 | |
HDL (mmol/L) | Linear Regression | 0.20 mmol/L | 0.07 mmol/L² | 0.26 mmol/L | 0.34 | 0.11 | 0.15 | |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | Linear Regression | 0.35 mmol/L | 0.21 mmol/L² | 0.46 mmol/L | 0.23 | 0.20 | 0.34 | |
Albuminuria (mg/L) | Bayesian Ridge | 0.21 mg/L | 0.07 mg/L² | 0.27 mg/L | 0.19 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | Random Forest Regressor | 10.56 mmHg | 194.87 mmHg² | 13.96 mmHg | 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.09 |
