Fig. 6: Evaluation of UDEs in different settings.
From: Current state and open problems in universal differential equations for systems biology
a, d, g Model schematics for the UDEs used in each Scenario. Red elements indicate ANN source terms. b, e, h Best UDE fit for each Scenario. Error bands are fit ± 1 std. dev. (estimated). c Comparison of the inferred fANN and corresponding term in the reference ODE, on the same input. A variety of inputs were taken from the reference ODE and optimised UDE simulations. f, i Simulation trajectories for the unobserved species, from the best UDE in Scenarios 2 and 3.
