Fig. 3: When multiple dimensions determining continuity are present, their detection power in the SFA may decrease.

For dataset DS2, \({SFC}\left({w}_{{AB}}={w}_{{BA}}={w}_{{BC}}={w}_{{CB}}=0.05,{w}_{{AC}}={w}_{{CA}}=0\right)\) and the GC were constructed, and the feature importance outputs of each classifier were compared. A Violin plots showing the distribution of groups A, B, and C for each dimension in the generated dataset DS2, which includes multiple features that form a continuity among groups A–C. In the violin plot, group A is shown in blue, group B in green, and group C in red. B Feature importance for each feature as an output of \({SFC}\left({w}_{{AB}}={w}_{{BA}}={w}_{{BC}}={w}_{{CB}}=0.05,\,{w}_{{AC}}={w}_{{CA}}=0\right)\) and the GC for DS2. C Table of p-values calculated using Welch’s t-test based on the feature importance values obtained from the GC. Mean ± SD, n = 5, **p < 0.01 vs. GC.