Fig. 1

Immune signatures of PBMC responses to flavivirus infection. PBMCs from four healthy donors were infected with the different viruses at MOI = 1 and analyzed after 48 h for immune cell activation, cytokine secretion, and transcriptomic response. a MFI of activation markers on immune cell subtypes. Antibodies against the two activation markers were labeled with the same fluorophore. b Cytokine concentrations in the supernatant, in pg/ml. Data shown are box plots depicting the median, 25th and 75th percentiles with whiskers showing the min to max distribution of four independent donors. Significant differences are determined using a two-tailed paired t test between infected and mock condition for each donor. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005. c, d Heatmap of Z-score of pathways upregulated after infection (c) and upstream regulators (d) analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis