Fig. 4: Recognition of native MSP1-D by induced antibodies.

a Representative indirect immuno-fluorescence assay (IFA) showing reactivity of serum from an individual immunized 3× with SumayaVac-1 with developing merozoites during schizogony and free mature merozoites. Trophozoites served as a negative control. Trophozoite and schizont samples were fixed for analysis, whereas merozoites were unfixed. Scale bar, 5 µm. b Correlation between the α-merozoite titer and the α-MSP1-D IgG titer for all volunteers vaccinated 3x with SumayaVac-1 (day 85, n = 24). Each data point represents the results from one vaccinee. Titers were determined by quantitative ELISAs, whereby one set of plates was coated with purified full-length MSP1 and the other with purified P. falciparum merozoites. The correlation between two parameters was assessed using Pearson product moment correlation (correlation coefficient, 0.624; p = 0.0011).