Table 1 Number of sequence reads detected for each of the spiked viruses at the different spiking levels in the viral vaccine crude harvest.

From: Sensitivity and breadth of detection of high-throughput sequencing for adventitious virus detection

Virus

Spiking level (GC mL−1)

 

105

104

103

103

102

102

Total raw reads

291,341,932

371,184,528

365,131,932

333,373,964

437,070,286

332,181,730

NIH

      

 Adenoviridae

      

  Adenovirus 5

14,382

2284

264

193

34

34

  Adenovirus 41

1154

164

12

16

11

6

 Flaviviridae

      

  Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

95,666

6306

776

926

68

57

 Herpesviridae

      

  Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

1366

200

40

23

6

2

  Simian Cytomegalovirus

49,266

9386

1170

676

116

87

 Orthomyxoviridae

      

  Influenza A Virus

16,553

1266

83

166

8

3

 Paramyxoviridae

      

  Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3

48,578

3548

321

410

24

32

  Measles Morbillivirus

12,571

922

87

105

0

10

  Mumps Virus

9041

524

86

46

10

2

 Picornaviridae

      

  Coxsackievirus A16

351

27

1

0

3*

0

  Coxsackievirus B3

2036

157

10

18

9

8

  Echovirus 11

2539

140

4

14

5*

1

  Rhinovirus 2

1259

62

6

20

0

4

 Polyomaviridae

      

  Simian Virus 40

528

88

47

15

10

3*

 Rhabdoviridae

      

  Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

13,120

1071

102

157

27

12

 Togaviridae

      

  Rubella Virus

4610

391

76

51

4

2

SP

      

 Bornaviridae

      

  Human Borna Disease Virus

341

6

1

0

0

0

 Coronaviridae

      

  Bovine Coronavirus

7447

473

48

46

5*

2

 Herpesviridae

      

  Human Cytomegalovirus

162,008

28,013

2733

2657

305

252

 Parvoviridae

      

  Minute Virus of Mice

319

48

12

10

0

0

  Porcine Parvovirus

146,720

20,668

2412

2609

397

238

 Reoviridae

      

  Reovirus Type 3

11

0

0

0

0

0

  1. Replicate spikes were made at 103 and 102 GC/mL as it was hypothesized that the LOD may be near this spike level.
  2. GC genome copy, NIH National Institutes of Health, SP Sanofi Pasteur.
  3. *3 or more reads belonging to one contig that is less than 201 bp (does not meet criteria for positive result).