Table 3 Sex-specific effects of age on pre-vaccination hemagglutination antibody inhibition (HAI) titers.

From: Sex-specific effects of aging on humoral immune responses to repeated influenza vaccination in older adults

	Base models^a						Expanded models^b
	Male age effects		Female age effects		Sex difference^c		Male age effects		Female age effects		Sex difference^c
	Change	p-value	Change	p-value	Difference	p-value	Change	p-value	Change	p-value	Difference	p-value
H1N1
Linear	0.047	0.164	0.034	0.286	−0.014	0.674	0.049	0.152	0.035	0.267	−0.014	0.676
Non-linear^d
75–80	0.379	0.300	0.146	0.650	−0.023	0.963	0.383	0.301	0.134	0.685	−0.010	0.984
80–85	0.133	0.564	0.233	0.251	−0.256	0.465	0.131	0.574	0.243	0.238	−0.259	0.462
85–90	0.205	0.397	0.109	0.589	−0.156	0.657	0.220	0.377	0.113	0.593	−0.147	0.678
90–95	0.421	0.188	0.066	0.830	−0.253	0.547	0.430	0.186	0.071	0.817	−0.254	0.553
95					−0.609	0.31					−0.612	0.313
H3N2
Linear	−0.067	0.133	0.065	0.103	0.131	0.014	−0.075	0.097	0.062	0.121	0.137	0.010
Non-linear^d
75–80	−1.725	0.015	−0.156	0.801	−1.898	0.029	−1.776	0.012	−0.297	0.637	−1.833	0.036
80–85	−0.139	0.711	0.653	0.039	−0.328	0.469	−0.102	0.786	0.670	0.037	−0.355	0.435
85–90	0.023	0.953	0.114	0.716	0.463	0.326	−0.048	0.904	0.149	0.651	0.417	0.379
90–95	−0.496	0.39	−0.415	0.430	0.553	0.351	−0.591	0.307	−0.421	0.431	0.614	0.308
95					0.634	0.503					0.784	0.412
B
Linear	−0.098	0.005	0.009	0.762	0.108	0.007	−0.078	0.023	0.033	0.275	0.111	0.005
Non-linear^d
75–80	−0.315	0.516	0.965	0.023	−1.051	0.087	−0.189	0.693	1.203	0.004	−1.048	0.080
80–85	−0.106	0.695	0.161	0.486	0.229	0.511	0.038	0.886	0.219	0.330	0.344	0.298
85–90	−0.291	0.306	−0.534	0.019	0.496	0.165	−0.181	0.515	−0.111	0.633	0.525	0.123
90–95	−1.799	0.000	−0.434	0.248	0.253	0.572	−1.649	0.000	−0.233	0.526	0.595	0.168
95					1.618	0.020					2.011	0.003

Statistically significant values are bolded.
^aBase models controlled for study year.
^bExpanded models controlled for study year, frailty, and BMI.
^cFor linear models, the sex-difference is the age-sex interaction term. For non-linear models, the sex difference is at the beginning of each five-year interval.
^dNon-linear models include cubic B-splines with knots at 5-year age intervals from 75-95 years.

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Table 3 Sex-specific effects of age on pre-vaccination hemagglutination antibody inhibition (HAI) titers.

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